CCA spoke with C-Quest’s new CEO about their aspirations and carbon markets for clean cookingRead the latest Leadership Series article

Overview

40.3M (76%)

Clean cooking population without access (WHO, 2021)

30

Active clean cooking ventures (Source: CCA)

5

Number of clean cooking RBF (Source: CCA)

Despite continued high use of solid biomass, Kenya’s cooking sector is considered by some to be the most advanced in East Africa in terms of both the types of solutions available and the number of people with access to them.

A range of clean cooking technologies are manufactured and distributed by companies in the formal sector in Kenya. These solutions span improved efficiency biomass stoves (using charcoal or wood as fuel), and stoves that rely on clean liquid fuels (biogas, ethanol, and LPG). Despite increasing levels of electricity connections even in rural areas, electric cooking remains low with potential to grow. Solar cooking remains rare in Kenya.

Supply
Demand

According to World Bank data, 23.9% of the population had access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking in 2021; an improvement on the ratio of 12.1% with access in 2015. In 2021, 51.3% of the urban population had access to clean cooking fuels, compared with just 8.3% of the rural population.

Compared with access to clean cooking fuels and technologies, there is much better access to electricity in Kenya; 76.5% of the population had access in 2021, up from 41.6% in 2015.

Click ‘Read more’ to see data from World Bank.

According to the Kenya Consumer Segmentation report (see related resources below), almost eight-in-ten Kenyan households primarily use solid cooking fuels, primarily wood (63%) and charcoal (15%). In rural areas, 84% of households use wood as their primary source of cooking fuel.

Related Resources
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Policy

Click ‘Read more’ to explore relevant aspects of Kenya’s Nationally Determined Contributions and other current policies that are relevant to clean cooking.

Nationally Determined Contributions

Kenya’s NDC integrates their commitment to clean energy technologies with the aim of reducing overreliance on wood fuels by 2028. The National Climate Change Action Plan 2018-2022 also prioritizes the promotion of the transition to clean cooking with alternative clean fuels such as LPG in urban areas and clean biomass (charcoal and wood) cookstoves and alternatives in rural areas.

However, the distribution and use of improved biomass cookstoves are not enforced by any government law, policy, or regulation, and there is no obligation for households to use improved cookstoves. Kenya seeks to implement its NDC with both domestic and international support, estimating that over USD 40 billion will be required for mitigation and adaptation actions.

The NDC Support Program in Kenya will be implemented jointly with the USAID-supported Low Emissions and Climate Resilient Development (LECRD) project, with the goal of supporting the implementation of Kenya’s NDC. Strategic partnerships among various ministries, departments, and agencies working with the UNDP and other stakeholders will be enhanced to achieve this goal. The program is also engaged in a range of strategic partnerships at the global level.

Tax and Tariff Data

This table shows Kenyan Duty and VAT for clean cooking items, as of 2023:

Regional Trade Areas Official designation Tax or tariff Tax rate (dutiable vs. duty paid)
EAC, COMESA Electricity MFN import duty 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Electricity VAT 16.0%
EAC, COMESA Electricity Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Electricity Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80 % vol or higher MFN import duty 35.0%
EAC, COMESA Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80 % vol or higher VAT 21.6%
EAC, COMESA Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80 % vol or higher Other taxes and tariffs 356.42 KES/l
EAC, COMESA Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80 % vol or higher Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80 % vol or higher Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denatured, of any strength MFN import duty 35.0%
EAC, COMESA Ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denatured, of any strength VAT 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denatured, of any strength Other taxes and tariffs 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denatured, of any strength Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denatured, of any strength Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Illuminating kerosene MFN import duty 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Illuminating kerosene VAT 8.0%
EAC, COMESA Illuminating kerosene Other taxes and tariffs 11.37 KES/l
EAC, COMESA Illuminating kerosene Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Illuminating kerosene Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Propane MFN import duty 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Propane VAT 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Propane Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Propane Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Butane MFN import duty 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Butane VAT 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Butane Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Butane Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons — Liquefied MFN import duty 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons — Liquefied VAT 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons — Liquefied Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons — Liquefied Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Fuelwood – Non-coniferous MFN import duty 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Fuelwood – Non-coniferous VAT 16.0%
EAC, COMESA Fuelwood – Non-coniferous Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Fuelwood – Non-coniferous Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Wood pellets MFN import duty 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Wood pellets VAT 16.0%
EAC, COMESA Wood pellets Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Wood pellets Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Wood briquettes MFN import duty 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Wood briquettes VAT 16.0%
EAC, COMESA Wood briquettes Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Wood briquettes Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms – other MFN import duty 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms – other VAT 16.0%
EAC, COMESA Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms – other Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms – other Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Charcoal, other wood MFN import duty 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Charcoal, other wood VAT 16.0%
EAC, COMESA Charcoal, other wood Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Charcoal, other wood Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Charcoal, of bamboo MFN import duty 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Charcoal, of bamboo VAT 16.0%
EAC, COMESA Charcoal, of bamboo Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Charcoal, of bamboo Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Charcoal, of shell or nut MFN import duty 0.0%
EAC, COMESA Charcoal, of shell or nut VAT 16.0%
EAC, COMESA Charcoal, of shell or nut Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Charcoal, of shell or nut Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Cooking appliances and plate warmers, for gas fuel or gas + other fuels MFN import duty 10.0%
EAC, COMESA Cooking appliances and plate warmers, for gas fuel or gas + other fuels — Presented completely knocked down (CKD) or unassembled for the assembly industry. VAT 17.6%
EAC, COMESA Cooking appliances and plate warmers, for gas fuel or gas + other fuels — Presented completely knocked down (CKD) or unassembled for the assembly industry. Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Cooking appliances and plate warmers, for gas fuel or gas + other fuels — Presented completely knocked down (CKD) or unassembled for the assembly industry. Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Cooking appliances and plate warmers, for liquid fuels — With a maximum of two burners MFN import duty 25.0%
EAC, COMESA Cooking appliances and plate warmers, for liquid fuels — With a maximum of two burners VAT 20.0%
EAC, COMESA Cooking appliances and plate warmers, for liquid fuels — With a maximum of two burners Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Cooking appliances and plate warmers, for liquid fuels — With a maximum of two burners Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Cooking appliances and plate warmers, including for solid fuels MFN import duty 35.0%
EAC, COMESA Cooking appliances and plate warmers, including for solid fuels VAT 21.6%
EAC, COMESA Cooking appliances and plate warmers, including for solid fuels Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Cooking appliances and plate warmers, including for solid fuels Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Other appliances — for gas or gas+ VAT 25.5%
EAC, COMESA Other appliances — for gas or gas+ Other taxes and tariffs 16.0%
EAC, COMESA Other appliances — for gas or gas+ Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Other appliances — for gas or gas+ Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Other appliances — for liquid fuels MFN import duty 25.0%
EAC, COMESA Other appliances — for liquid fuels VAT 20.0%
EAC, COMESA Other appliances — for liquid fuels Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Other appliances — for liquid fuels Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Other appliances — for solid fuels MFN import duty 35.0%
EAC, COMESA Other appliances — for solid fuels VAT 21.6%
EAC, COMESA Other appliances — for solid fuels Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Other appliances — for solid fuels Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Parts for cooking appliances and plate warmers MFN import duty 10.0%
EAC, COMESA Parts for cooking appliances and plate warmers VAT 17.6%
EAC, COMESA Parts for cooking appliances and plate warmers Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Parts for cooking appliances and plate warmers Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Microwave ovens MFN import duty 10.0%
EAC, COMESA Microwave ovens VAT 17.6%
EAC, COMESA Microwave ovens Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Microwave ovens Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
EAC, COMESA Other ovens; cooking stoves, ranges, cooking plates, boiling rings, grillers and roasters — Presented completely knocked down (CKD) or unassembled for the assembly industry MFN import duty 10.0%
EAC, COMESA Other ovens; cooking stoves, ranges, cooking plates, boiling rings, grillers and roasters — Presented completely knocked down (CKD) or unassembled for the assembly industry VAT 17.6%
EAC, COMESA Other ovens; cooking stoves, ranges, cooking plates, boiling rings, grillers and roasters — Presented completely knocked down (CKD) or unassembled for the assembly industry Other taxes and tariffs 3.5%
EAC, COMESA Other ovens; cooking stoves, ranges, cooking plates, boiling rings, grillers and roasters — Presented completely knocked down (CKD) or unassembled for the assembly industry Other taxes and tariffs 2.0%
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Carbon

Kenya has 74 cookstove projects registered in it. These projects have generated 11.8 million carbon credits to date.

Click ‘Read more’ to explore the dashboard.

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Results Based Finance

There are five clean cooking RBF programs that have operated, or are underway, in Kenya.

Click ‘Read more’ to explore the table of RBFs.

Name Lead Status Dates Applicable Fuels Fund size for clean cooking Total fund size
RBF for low carbon energy access EnDev Completed 2012-2020 e-cooking, improved biomass, biogas $15m $55m
Kenya Off-Grid Solar Access Project (KOSAP) SNV, SunFunder Active 2018-2023 Improved biomass $5m $5m
SDG 7 RBF Facilities Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) Active 2019-2026 Improved biomass $14.6m $24.4m
Renewable Energy and Climate Technologies (REACT)  AECF Active 2021-2023 Improved biomass, pellets, briquettes, ethanol, and LPG. $1.7m $4m
Modern Cooking Facility for Africa (MCFA) Nefco Active 2022-2027 e-cooking, biogas, pellets, briquettes, and ethanol $30.5m $30.5m

N.B. Funding amounts may be split across multiple countries

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