40.3M (76%)
Clean cooking population without access (WHO, 2021)
30
Active clean cooking ventures (Source: CCA)
5
Number of clean cooking RBF (Source: CCA)
Despite continued high use of solid biomass, Kenya’s cooking sector is considered by some to be the most advanced in East Africa in terms of both the types of solutions available and the number of people with access to them.
A range of clean cooking technologies are manufactured and distributed by companies in the formal sector in Kenya. These solutions span improved efficiency biomass stoves (using charcoal or wood as fuel), and stoves that rely on clean liquid fuels (biogas, ethanol, and LPG). Despite increasing levels of electricity connections even in rural areas, electric cooking remains low with potential to grow. Solar cooking remains rare in Kenya.
According to World Bank data, 23.9% of the population had access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking in 2021; an improvement on the ratio of 12.1% with access in 2015. In 2021, 51.3% of the urban population had access to clean cooking fuels, compared with just 8.3% of the rural population.
Compared with access to clean cooking fuels and technologies, there is much better access to electricity in Kenya; 76.5% of the population had access in 2021, up from 41.6% in 2015.
Click ‘Read more’ to see data from World Bank.
According to the Kenya Consumer Segmentation report (see related resources below), almost eight-in-ten Kenyan households primarily use solid cooking fuels, primarily wood (63%) and charcoal (15%). In rural areas, 84% of households use wood as their primary source of cooking fuel.
Related Resources
Click ‘Read more’ to explore relevant aspects of Kenya’s Nationally Determined Contributions and other current policies that are relevant to clean cooking.
Nationally Determined Contributions
Kenya’s NDC integrates their commitment to clean energy technologies with the aim of reducing overreliance on wood fuels by 2028. The National Climate Change Action Plan 2018-2022 also prioritizes the promotion of the transition to clean cooking with alternative clean fuels such as LPG in urban areas and clean biomass (charcoal and wood) cookstoves and alternatives in rural areas.
However, the distribution and use of improved biomass cookstoves are not enforced by any government law, policy, or regulation, and there is no obligation for households to use improved cookstoves. Kenya seeks to implement its NDC with both domestic and international support, estimating that over USD 40 billion will be required for mitigation and adaptation actions.
The NDC Support Program in Kenya will be implemented jointly with the USAID-supported Low Emissions and Climate Resilient Development (LECRD) project, with the goal of supporting the implementation of Kenya’s NDC. Strategic partnerships among various ministries, departments, and agencies working with the UNDP and other stakeholders will be enhanced to achieve this goal. The program is also engaged in a range of strategic partnerships at the global level.
Tax and Tariff Data
This table shows Kenyan Duty and VAT for clean cooking items, as of 2023:
Regional Trade Areas | Official designation | Tax or tariff | Tax rate (dutiable vs. duty paid) |
EAC, COMESA | Electricity | MFN import duty | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Electricity | VAT | 16.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Electricity | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Electricity | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80 % vol or higher | MFN import duty | 35.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80 % vol or higher | VAT | 21.6% |
EAC, COMESA | Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80 % vol or higher | Other taxes and tariffs | 356.42 KES/l |
EAC, COMESA | Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80 % vol or higher | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80 % vol or higher | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denatured, of any strength | MFN import duty | 35.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denatured, of any strength | VAT | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denatured, of any strength | Other taxes and tariffs | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denatured, of any strength | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denatured, of any strength | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Illuminating kerosene | MFN import duty | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Illuminating kerosene | VAT | 8.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Illuminating kerosene | Other taxes and tariffs | 11.37 KES/l |
EAC, COMESA | Illuminating kerosene | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Illuminating kerosene | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Propane | MFN import duty | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Propane | VAT | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Propane | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Propane | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Butane | MFN import duty | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Butane | VAT | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Butane | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Butane | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons — Liquefied | MFN import duty | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons — Liquefied | VAT | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons — Liquefied | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons — Liquefied | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Fuelwood – Non-coniferous | MFN import duty | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Fuelwood – Non-coniferous | VAT | 16.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Fuelwood – Non-coniferous | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Fuelwood – Non-coniferous | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Wood pellets | MFN import duty | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Wood pellets | VAT | 16.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Wood pellets | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Wood pellets | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Wood briquettes | MFN import duty | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Wood briquettes | VAT | 16.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Wood briquettes | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Wood briquettes | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms – other | MFN import duty | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms – other | VAT | 16.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms – other | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms – other | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Charcoal, other wood | MFN import duty | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Charcoal, other wood | VAT | 16.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Charcoal, other wood | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Charcoal, other wood | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Charcoal, of bamboo | MFN import duty | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Charcoal, of bamboo | VAT | 16.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Charcoal, of bamboo | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Charcoal, of bamboo | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Charcoal, of shell or nut | MFN import duty | 0.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Charcoal, of shell or nut | VAT | 16.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Charcoal, of shell or nut | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Charcoal, of shell or nut | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Cooking appliances and plate warmers, for gas fuel or gas + other fuels | MFN import duty | 10.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Cooking appliances and plate warmers, for gas fuel or gas + other fuels — Presented completely knocked down (CKD) or unassembled for the assembly industry. | VAT | 17.6% |
EAC, COMESA | Cooking appliances and plate warmers, for gas fuel or gas + other fuels — Presented completely knocked down (CKD) or unassembled for the assembly industry. | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Cooking appliances and plate warmers, for gas fuel or gas + other fuels — Presented completely knocked down (CKD) or unassembled for the assembly industry. | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Cooking appliances and plate warmers, for liquid fuels — With a maximum of two burners | MFN import duty | 25.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Cooking appliances and plate warmers, for liquid fuels — With a maximum of two burners | VAT | 20.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Cooking appliances and plate warmers, for liquid fuels — With a maximum of two burners | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Cooking appliances and plate warmers, for liquid fuels — With a maximum of two burners | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Cooking appliances and plate warmers, including for solid fuels | MFN import duty | 35.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Cooking appliances and plate warmers, including for solid fuels | VAT | 21.6% |
EAC, COMESA | Cooking appliances and plate warmers, including for solid fuels | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Cooking appliances and plate warmers, including for solid fuels | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Other appliances — for gas or gas+ | VAT | 25.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Other appliances — for gas or gas+ | Other taxes and tariffs | 16.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Other appliances — for gas or gas+ | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Other appliances — for gas or gas+ | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Other appliances — for liquid fuels | MFN import duty | 25.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Other appliances — for liquid fuels | VAT | 20.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Other appliances — for liquid fuels | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Other appliances — for liquid fuels | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Other appliances — for solid fuels | MFN import duty | 35.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Other appliances — for solid fuels | VAT | 21.6% |
EAC, COMESA | Other appliances — for solid fuels | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Other appliances — for solid fuels | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Parts for cooking appliances and plate warmers | MFN import duty | 10.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Parts for cooking appliances and plate warmers | VAT | 17.6% |
EAC, COMESA | Parts for cooking appliances and plate warmers | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Parts for cooking appliances and plate warmers | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Microwave ovens | MFN import duty | 10.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Microwave ovens | VAT | 17.6% |
EAC, COMESA | Microwave ovens | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Microwave ovens | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Other ovens; cooking stoves, ranges, cooking plates, boiling rings, grillers and roasters — Presented completely knocked down (CKD) or unassembled for the assembly industry | MFN import duty | 10.0% |
EAC, COMESA | Other ovens; cooking stoves, ranges, cooking plates, boiling rings, grillers and roasters — Presented completely knocked down (CKD) or unassembled for the assembly industry | VAT | 17.6% |
EAC, COMESA | Other ovens; cooking stoves, ranges, cooking plates, boiling rings, grillers and roasters — Presented completely knocked down (CKD) or unassembled for the assembly industry | Other taxes and tariffs | 3.5% |
EAC, COMESA | Other ovens; cooking stoves, ranges, cooking plates, boiling rings, grillers and roasters — Presented completely knocked down (CKD) or unassembled for the assembly industry | Other taxes and tariffs | 2.0% |
Kenya has 74 cookstove projects registered in it. These projects have generated 11.8 million carbon credits to date.
Click ‘Read more’ to explore the dashboard.
There are five clean cooking RBF programs that have operated, or are underway, in Kenya.
Click ‘Read more’ to explore the table of RBFs.
Name | Lead | Status | Dates | Applicable Fuels | Fund size for clean cooking | Total fund size |
RBF for low carbon energy access | EnDev | Completed | 2012-2020 | e-cooking, improved biomass, biogas | $15m | $55m |
Kenya Off-Grid Solar Access Project (KOSAP) | SNV, SunFunder | Active | 2018-2023 | Improved biomass | $5m | $5m |
SDG 7 RBF Facilities | Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) | Active | 2019-2026 | Improved biomass | $14.6m | $24.4m |
Renewable Energy and Climate Technologies (REACT) | AECF | Active | 2021-2023 | Improved biomass, pellets, briquettes, ethanol, and LPG. | $1.7m | $4m |
Modern Cooking Facility for Africa (MCFA) | Nefco | Active | 2022-2027 | e-cooking, biogas, pellets, briquettes, and ethanol | $30.5m | $30.5m |
N.B. Funding amounts may be split across multiple countries